Quotes I like

By Martin Luther King, Jr

‘Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about the things that matter’ 

A man can't ride your back unless it's bent.

A right delayed is a right denied.

Almost always, the creative dedicated minority has made the world better.

Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that.

Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.

Seeing is not always believing.

The time is always right to do what is right.

We are not makers of history. We are made by history.

We must accept finite disappointment, but never lose infinite hope.

 

Wisdom is knowing when to speak your mind and when to mind your speech – EVANGEL.

Site to check Computer Peripherals price at Chennai

 

Here is the link to check the Computer Peripherals price at Chennai.

http://www.deltapage.com/list/index.html

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Flat vs Diminishing Rate

How the interest rates are calculated in banks? Broadly speaking there are two types of Interest rates available in the banking sector.

1. Flat Interest rate

2. Diminishing Interest rate

Flat Interest rate:

An interest charge on the full amount of a loan throughout its entire term is known as Flat Interest rate.

For Example:

Take the following case

• Loan amount: Rs.100000
• Flat Int Rate: 10%
• EMI: Rs.2500
• Interest monthly outgo: 833.33
• Principal Monthly outgo: 1666.67
• Interest yearly out go: 10000
• Principal Yearly out go: 20000

Following table depicts the interest out go and the Rate of Interest actually they charge.

Year	Opening principal	Interest outgo	Principal outgo	Closing principal	Rate of Interest (in %)
Ist year	100000	10000	20000	80000	10
IInd year	80000	10000	20000	60000	12.5
IIIrd year	60000	10000	20000	40000	16.67
IVth year	40000	10000	20000	20000	25
Vth year	20000	10000	20000	Nil	50
Total		50000	100000		114.17%

So the actual amount we end up paying would be Rs.150000. So the actual interest rate charged is 22.83% (114.17/5)

Diminishing Rate of Interest:

Under Diminishing rate of interest the repayment is deducted (say every month) from the loan and the interest is charged only on the balance principal.

For Example: if instead of 10% p.a. flat rate (in the above example), interest is charged at 10% p.a. Diminishing balance rate, EMI amount would be Rs 2,124.70. You would pay Rs 833.33 as interest in the first month and Rs 1,291.37 (2,124.70 – 833.33) would be Principal Repayment. For next month interest will be charged only on reduced principal, i.e. 100,000 less 1,291.37 = 98,708.63. Interest for second month would be Rs 822.57 (98,708.63 * 10% / 12) and principal repayment would be Rs 1,302.13 (2,124.70 – 822.57). Thus over the tenure of the loan, you would end up paying Rs 127,482 (2,124.70 * 12 * 5).

O-Bahn Busway Adelaide

 


The longest guided busway in the world !
Travel at speeds up to 100kms per hour !
Enjoy scenery along the way, including the green parklands of the River Torrens Linear Park ,Cross 12 bridges

O-Bahn runs on specially-built track, combining elements of both bus and rail systems.

Buses travel at a maximum speed of 100 km/h (62 mph).

Speed is gradually increased to 80 km/h (50 mph) for most of the trip to Klemzig Station. Once en route to Paradise Interchange, the speed limit is 100 km/h (62 mph), with 90 km/h (56 mph) on tighter corners. The limit on the remaining section to Tea Tree Plaza Interchange varies between 100 km/h (62 mph), 90 km/h (56 mph) and 80 km/h (50 m

The guide-wheel, which protrudes from the front sides and aligns with the track, is the most important part of the bus when travelling on the O-Bahn. Connected directly to the steering mechanism, it 'steers' the bus while on the track and prevents the main tyres from rubbing against the sides of the track. While it is not strictly necessary for drivers to hold the steering wheel when travelling on the O-Bahn because of the guide-wheel, safety procedures require the driver to be alert to their circumstances at all times.

Impatience

Impatience shows lack of faith. "No, no, I want it now." You will have it when you are to have it. When it is good for you to have it - even in spiritual values, even spiritual blessings. He knows, the Giver knows, when you are ready for it.

A ready reckoner on building cost

An overview of consumption of materials and unit rates is needed. One quick way to assess the cost is to use the square meter or square feet rates, writes S.Krishnamurthy

 

Courtesy: http://www.hindu.com/pp/2008/05/24/stories/2008052450010100.htm

 

There have been regular reports about the rise in material and labour costs. As clients and users we are left wondering how much is the rise and how it affects our budget. Any little information and thumb rule to understand the situation would be of much help. An overview of material consumptions, unit rates would help us navigate through the maze of construction estimates. Here is an attempt to help you follow the process of cost estimates. A quick way to know how much it costs is to use the square meter or square feet rates. In order to arrive at this, a broad understanding of how much material is required to construct a square meter is necessary. Table 1 roughly indicates the material consumption. Based on this one can work out the cost of construction. Table 2 explains how the building cost is calculated.

Services include water supply, sanitary, and electrical works with minimum normal grade fittings. This rate can be considered for estimation. It may vary with the location, type of soil met with in foundation, period / season of execution, changes in terms of finishing materials and so on.

For example, ceramic tile flooring would be at Rs.565/sq.m. Instead if you replace it with marble it would cost about Rs.1200 per sq.m.

The above-mentioned broad rates are only for load bearing structure that is constructed without columns. For a framed structure with GF +2 floors, that is construction with columns, it may cost 25 to 30% per cent more than a load bearing type of construction. It will also vary with the number of floors and provision of lift etc. For example, an apartment with ground and two floors may cost Rs.10500/ sq.m. on an average. The unit rates mentioned here will not be applicable to porch, covered / open sit-outs in upper floors etc.

Now having obtained the unit rates, one can calculate how much the entire building will cost. Once you arrive at the overall figure, you can subdivide it in terms of components of construction or stages of construction. This will help you manage your cash flow better, control your budget and finishing the building within estimate. The Table 4 and 5 explains the cost in terms of percentage of components of construction. The above-mentioned rates and steps are to be used as a rough guide. The exact estimates can be worked out only after you finalise your specification in consultation with your architect or engineer.

Escalation clause

The rise in material cost during execution affects the unit rate and our estimate. For example, if we had worked out cement cost at Rs 250 per bag and during construction time it rises to Rs.270 this would amount to an increase of about Rs 84 per sq.m.

Normally a clause to cover price escalation is introduced in the construction agreement with the contractor. In case you are buying an apartment look for this clause and be satisfied with the terms. If it is not there discuss it with your developer.

A firm agreement about the modalities of intimation and settlement of cost difference must be arrived at upfront. This may avoid any hardships during the completion and handing over of the building.

The author is former Superintending Engineer P.W.D and approved Valuer.

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Traditional Games at Kreeda Games

Games available at

http://kreedagames.com/games.html